What Exactly is Neel Kashkari Trying to Accomplish? – My Two Cents

Neel Kashkari is hardly a household name. We’d speculate that most people wouldn’t recognize it. Neel was the Goldman Sachs alum who was hand-picked by Hank “A Strong Dollar is in the National Interest” Paulson back in 2008 to handle the disbursement of the TARP bailout money. That’s the $750 billion bailout that was initially shot down by the House, but eventually passed a few days later after Paulson did some rather heavy handed and unapologetic arm-twisting.

We’re going to link up a couple of videos throughout as sort of a walk down memory lane. 2008 was, after all, a dozen years ago already.

Ok, so what? What does this have to do with Neel? Well, after the bailout was passed, an odd thing happened. Instead of being used to buy troubled assets, the money went right to the banks. Kashkari was grilled by then Rep. Dennis Kucinich about his activities. Kashkari had already mastered the thousand-yard stare while being grilled which immediately caught our attention. He’d been trained for this.

After the brewing scandal was snuffed out by further epic plunges in global financial indices, Kashkari was quietly taken off the scene and ran like a refugee to a cabin in the woods of Northern California. He would remain there until 2016 when he was called off the bench to head up the Minneapolis Fed. That really got our attention. From a cabin in the woods to an extremely high level position in one of the most corrupt enterprises man has ever known after spending more than a half dozen years in exile? We should be so lucky.

Unfortunately, that’s not where the saga ends. Lately Neel Kashkari has been going around the talk show circuit saying that the only way to save the USEconomy is by doing essentially a full lock down on the US. Again, we’ll post some link to videos. We think Kashkari’s words carry a bit more weight just because of his pedigree and prior experience in sticking it to the taxpayers of this crumbling nation. How does a lock down save the economy?

We have a theory and we’re going to lay it out. The graphic below shows the rather alarming – and rapid – departure from the USDollar from two of the biggest up and coming economic powers out there: Russia and China. There are other countries engaged in similar activity and Andy has spoken on Liberty Talk Radio about these events for several years.

The USDollar’s reserve currency status is gone. It was in serious jeopardy going into this year, but after the blowout federal deficit even the dimmest bulb can see there is no way and certainly no will to ever pay off the national debt. Hyperinflation might be a tactic and we’ll talk about that eventually as well, but countries are bailing. It should be noted that the US is sanctioning EVERY SINGLE ONE of these countries at this moment and urging allies to do the same.

Other tripe and banal reasons are given, but this is clearly a move to protect the Dollar as long as possible. The house of cards is shaking and is about to get blown away like the houses of the first two of the three little pigs.

So why the call for a lock down? We’ll use basic economics to lay out our theory. When global demand for dollars decreases, those dollars need to go somewhere. If countries are using other currencies for international trade, their FOREX reserves will be changed to reflect this. Simply put, they won’t need to keep as many dollars. And why buy USGovt debt? It pays next to nothing – well below even the most cooked levels of price inflation. And there’s the very real possibility of switching to negative yields – especially in the series of shorter maturities.

These unneeded, unwanted dollars are starting to come home. Add to that all the funny money that has been created by the not-so-USFed to ‘buy everything’ in sight to keep financial markets stable. There are no reserve requirements, so the banking level can create massive inflation from making new loans. This is why the NASDAQ and S&P500 are at record highs. The repatriated dollars are being poured into financial markets and blowing up all manner of bubbles.

What is also happening is that consumer price levels are starting to rise at frightening levels. The change from May to June was .5654%, and the change from June to July was .5867%. These are annualized rates of around 7%. The central bank’s ‘comfort zone’ ends around 2.5% annualized.

US CPI-U

Kashkari’s argument for a lock down now makes perfect sense. If America goes back to lock down, we’ll see consumer prices drop from lack of demand as was seen in March, April, and May. A lock down would hide the effects of all this funny money flowing back into the US.

Let’s fold into the mix our paper on Modern Monetary Theory from last summer. The first premise is that a central bank/government that acts as its own bank cannot go broke. It can print until the lights go out in Tennessee. BUT.. when consumer prices start to go up, the next step is raise taxes to pull money from the system. There have been quite a few articles talking about higher taxes. With real unemployment and underemployment where they are, does anyone think a tax increase would fly?

A lock down might not fly either, but any decrease in aggregate demand that Kashkari is able to squeeze from his bully pulpit is going to ‘help’ the situation. Note – it’s not going to help the average person. This is a move to protect a broken currency regime, the institution that brought it to fruition, and the total corruption of fiat currencies in general.

Keep in mind that the partial lockdowns from March through June caused a 33% contraction in GDP according to the USGovt. Our model showed a 43% contraction. Given that we use a totally different methodology, the difference isn’t surprising. Since the USGovt’s GDP model uses the purchase of finished goods rather than intermediate goods, we can say that aggregate demand fell by about a third in the second quarter. You can see in the chart above the impact that had on consumer prices. Kashkari and his ilk are looking for more of the same.

Another such drop in prices would enable them to repatriate even more dollars without it become too noticeable in the real economy. We might get Dow 30K, NASDAQ 14K and S&P500 4K, but that is the ‘good’ kind of price inflation. If consumer goods went up in proportionate amounts, there would be even more rioting than there is at present.

Why not just destroy the unused currency? Most of it is digital anyway. That’s the most common question we are expecting. It is very important to understand that true deflation doesn’t occur unless money is actually destroyed. Falling prices do not mean deflation. You can create a little deflation on your own if you pull all the ‘money’ from your bank account in cash, then set it on fire. Why would I do that, I can still use it!!! And that’s the answer. The repatriated dollars aren’t going to be destroyed because they can still be used. Not by Mr. and Mrs. Joe Average, but by the banking system.

The next step in this decoupling process is for major trading partners to start requiring the US to settle transactions in some other currency or possibly even gold. Make no mistake, that is why this campaign of sanctions and threats of military action are in place against countries like Venezuela and Syria. When in doubt, follow the money. Forget the terrorism for a minute and follow the money. Nicholas Maduro and Bashar al-Assad are a clear and present danger to dollar hegemony because they’re stepping out of the dollar for international trade. Andy analyzed the situation in Syria almost 7 years ago and accurately predicted that Russia would not leave Syria hang out to dry. And even more importantly, WHY they wouldn’t leave Syria – and why they have yet to do so.

On a day the S&P500 recouped ALL of its losses due to a global pandemic that the experts are telling us is going to only get worse, we can look at the above mechanism and understand exactly how all those gains took place. It is perhaps ironic that over the past few month the USDollar has struggled mightily – even against other fiat currencies backed by nothing but the never-ending stream of hot air from bankers the likes of Neel Kashkari.

Graham Mehl is a pseudonym. He is astonishingly bright, having received an MBA with highest honors from the Wharton Business School at the University of Pennsylvania. He has also worked as a policy analyst for several hedge funds and has consulted for several central banks. Among his research interests are finding more reliable measurements of economic activity than those currently available to the investing public using econometric modeling and collaborating on the development of economic educational tools.

Andy Sutton is a research and freelance Economist. He received international honors for his work in economics at the graduate level and currently teaches high school business. Among his current research work is identifying the line in the sand where economies crumble due to extraneous debt through the use of econometric modeling with constant reflection of economic history. His focus is also educating young people about the science of Economics using an evidence-based approach

Andy Continues Discussion of the Dollar’s Fate on Liberty Talk Radio

Andy’s Notes: As always a big ‘thank you’ to Joe Cristiano for having me back on the show. Pieces are beginning to fall into place regarding the economic situation both here in the US and abroad. Incidentally, Graham and I ran our alternative GDP model for the second quarter in the US and it showed a -43% ‘growth’ rate, which was 10 percentage points lower than what the Commerce Department reported.

Joe and I discussed MMT, the USDollar as world reserve, inflation, price inflation, actions overseas by trade partners and predators alike, and finished up with some fairly straightforward advice to listeners. This is actionable general financial information. If you’ve read or listened for any length of time you’ve heard this before, but there are new people coming into the arena, so we felt a little repetition might be a good thing. Thanks again Joe!

Sutton

A Repeat of 2010 in the Works?

Andy’s Notes: During 2010, the US Consumer paid down a significant amount of debt. It scared the moneychangers quite magnificently. In an fractional reserve, fiat monetary system, ‘growth’ comes at least in part by inflation of the money supply and the subsequent effect on prices. One of the biggest ways monetary inflation occurs is when money is placed on deposit at a bank and nearly all of that money is then lent out by the bank – at interest. Every loan increases the money supply. When loans stop?

The summer data will be very interesting to say the least. Keep in mind that this paydown happened with the federal government handing out cash – again. It could very well be that in 2020, much like 2007, the ‘stimulus’ money went to help repair balance sheets rather than to accumulate more stuff.

Sutton


source: tradingeconomics.com

Andy Chats with Joe Cristiano about the Dollar and Signposts for the Future

As always it was a pleasure getting together with Joe Cristiano. We never seem to be able to stop at our 20 minute target, however! We talking about the Russia-China trade situation where they’re slowing backing out of the $USD, what happens when global demand for the $USD drops, some mild to moderate capital and price controls that have emerged under the cover of NCV and other useful tidbits. The link for the YouTube video is below.

Sutton

Gold – The Opportunity of a Lifetime – Original Post 8/29/2008

My Two Cents – “The Opportunity of a Lifetime”

For the past 8 years, wise investors have chosen to ignore the confusion and in many cases unplugged themselves from the traditional financial system, opting to become their own central bank and invest in gold and silver. Others have used a hybrid model of investing partially in the physical metals and partially in shares of precious metal miners and related companies. This has undoubtedly been the right move. The recent correction included, gold prices alone are up an amazing 45% just since my Survival Guide was published on 10/23/2006. For those who have been in since the beginning of the move, the gains have been even larger.

Many in the mainstream press will quickly scoff at the idea of holding Gold and Silver because they don’t pay dividends. So to be fair to their argument, I calculated the movement in the S&P500 Dividend Reinvested Index from 10/31/2006 to the last report at the end of this past July. Even with dividend reinvestment, the S&P500 is down 4.78% while Gold is up nearly 50%. This takes the primary argument against owning real money and blows its doors off. Granted, we’re only looking at a period of not quite 2 years here, but given the macroeconomic events that have transpired it is clear that real money was the way to go.

The question we need to ask now is pretty simple. Is anything going to change moving forward that will reverse this trend? Or, put another way, what would need to happen to make precious metals unsuitable for investment? There are dozens of prerequisites, but we’ll stick to the Big Four.

  • Since precious metals, particularly Gold are proxies for inflation, we would need to see worldwide inflation slow dramatically. A quick look at the chart below tells us this is nowhere near happening. The global supply of money in US$ terms has increased by 12.4% since mid-2007 from $53.7 Trillion to $60.3 Trillion. We’re still inflating like crazy. (Chart Compliments of dollardaze.org)
Global Money Supply
  • Geopolitical risk would have to decrease. Risk tends to be friendly towards precious metals. This because deep down, most people understand that fiat money is not real money, but only has value because its backing government says it does. Its value is based almost entirely on perception. Wars and rumors of wars tend to undermine political and therefore financial stability. On the other hand, gold has been recognized as real money for thousands of years because it is desirable, portable, homogeneous, and scarce. Scarcity and fiat money are 180 degrees diametrically opposite to each other.
  • Systemic risk to the financial system would need to be swept away. This is no simple task and, despite what Bernanke & Company choose to say, it is clear that the systemic risk to the financial system is nowhere near close to abating. Bank failures are on the rise and credit spreads are at record levels. The housing debacle has left many financial hand grenades in the portfolios of investment and commercial banks the world over and many have yet to go off.
  • Inflationary expectations would need to decrease significantly. Again, perception tends to be reality and if people are convinced that prices are going to continue to rise, then they will behave accordingly. They will seek out assets that protect their purchasing power. Commodities generally assume this role due to scarcity: they cannot be printed or digitally created like fiat money. And the more funny money that sloshes around chasing a finite quantity of goods, the more those goods will increase in terms of the fiat currency. To reverse this trend, people worldwide would have to get the idea that their money is going to buy more, not less. It is going to be difficult to accomplish that feat with the price of almost everything (except housing and stocks) going up.

Given just this cursory analysis, it is easy to see why Gold is a slam-dunk choice in terms of protecting wealth. Certainly, gold is prone to nasty corrections. Too often, people buy gold with the idea that they’re going to get ‘rich’. These folks fail to properly understand why it is they should own gold in the first place and are easily shaken out when a correction occurs. Gold should not be purchased with the expectation that it will make you rich. It should be acquired to protect your purchasing power. The recent rout in precious metals presents a fantastic opportunity for new buyers to get on board and for people who already have positions to add to them as circumstances permit.

One caveat that needs to be mentioned is the fact that the precious metal markets are prone to intervention and manipulation. These activities are disruptive to normal market function and can create disparities between the price of futures contracts and the actual metals themselves. GATA covers these activities in great detail and has done a masterful job assimilating a vast array of resources, articles, and other materials related to this topic. I highly recommend getting up to speed on this important issue before investing – particularly if you’re new to these markets.In totality, the recent correction in precious metals should be viewed not as a tragedy, but rather as the opportunity of a lifetime.

Russia/China Currency Alliance is Now Doing Less than 50% of Business in US Dollars

This is something we have been talking about what seems like forever. The move away from the dollar. It was always a matter of when rather than if and unfortunately we’ve reached the point now where the majority of transactions between these two growing economic powers is done away from the $USDollar. This has many, MANY implications for all Americans and anyone else who uses the $USD as their primary means of storing wealth.

This move also explains the embracing of Knapp’s modern monetary theory that was soft-introduced back in 2018. We wrote an extensive paper on MMT and we’re posting this again below for anyone who hasn’t read it. We will be releasing another commissioned paper by Labor Day. We’ll also be re-posting relevant articles that were written between 2006 and the present on precious metals, the dollar standard, bail-ins, and general relevant macroeconomic articles as well.

Please visit the site often to catch updates. You may also ‘subscribe’ to receive a notification when new material is posted. There is no cost for subscribing and we don’t maintain any records. WordPress will keep your email address and any other info you provide – please see our Privacy Policy for more details. There will be more information shortly.

Sutton/Mehl

Here is the paper on modern monetary theory – Read/Download here.

Washington Town Creates Currency for Local Use

Andy’s Notes: The four requirements of any money are intrinsic value, a unit of account, a store of wealth, and a medium of exchange. These new minted ‘bills’ are able to be used locally, but the holders cannot compel any business or individual to accept them as legal tender. The US has legal tender laws that specify what may be used as legal tender. Does this make it a bad idea? Not necessarily. The USDollar doesn’t meet the ‘store of wealth’ requirement because of inflation and it is still accepted everywhere in the US. The Dollar also has little or no intrinsic value. The Tenino bills lack intrinsic value as well, but meet the other three requirements as long as everyone in the cohort is willing to accept them as legal tender and – this is a biggie – the bills are backed in such manner that whoever runs the printing press can’t print themselves a nice pile and go out and buy real goods with them.

The last sentence above is key to why banking systems fail over time. The temptation for the printers of money to run off currency beyond the backing is too much. This is why the banks of the 1800s failed so often. They’d over-issue silver certificates beyond the silver stored. The people would get wise to it and run the bank demanding silver and the banks would run out and have to close.

Since we no longer have redeemability on US currency, it makes over-issuance a real problem, especially in the digital age. Will the ‘wooden dollar’ experiment work? Time will tell. If nothing else, this is yet another signpost on the trek to the end of the road for the used and abused USPetrodollar.

Sutton/Mehl

TENINO, United States, July 9 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – Tucked away under lock and key in a former railroad depot turned small-town museum in the U.S. state of Washington, a wooden printing press cranked back to life to mint currency after nearly 90 dormant years.

The end product: $25 wooden bills bearing the town’s name – Tenino – with the words “COVID Relief” superimposed on the image of a bat and the Latin phrase “Habemus autem sub potestate” (We have it under control) printed in cursive.

With the coronavirus pandemic plunging the United States into a recession, decimating small businesses and causing job losses across the country, some local governments are looking for innovative ways to help residents weather the storm.

For Tenino, the answer was the revival of the local currency that had bolstered the town’s economy in 1931 in the wake of the Great Depression.

“It was kind of an epiphany: Why don’t we do that again?” Mayor Wayne Fournier told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “It only made sense.”

Tenino, a town of less than 2,000 people located about 60 miles (95km) southwest of Seattle, started printing the local banknotes in April, five weeks into Washington state’s lockdown.

Anyone with a documented loss of income as a result of the pandemic is eligible for up to $300 a month of the local currency.

Businesses up and down the town’s quaint Main Street accept the wooden note for everything except alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and lottery tickets.

Tenino’s city government backs the local currency, which merchants can exchange for U.S. dollars at city hall at a 1:1 rate.

Susan Witt, executive director of the Schumacher Center for a New Economics, a Massachusetts-based think tank, said alternative currencies like Tenino’s banknote are better than direct cash payments at boosting local economies.

“The City of Barcelona gave donations (in 2017/18) to sports teams and cultural groups as well as social programs (then) watched these donations go to big box stores,” she said in emailed comments.

“So, it created a local currency so that these ‘discretionary’ funds in its budget would circle back to support locally-owned businesses.”

‘WOVEN INTO OUR DNA’

Mayor Fournier noted that, for long-time Tenino residents, the wooden notes are nothing new.

The tiny town founded around a sandstone quarry achieved national prominence in 1931 when civic leaders printed a wooden local currency to restore consumer confidence after the town’s bank failed during the Great Depression.

“This is woven into the DNA of the community,” Fournier said. “My great aunt Erlene has the family collection all stashed away.”

The mayor brought the idea of resurrecting the town’s legacy project to the city council as a way to provide economic relief to businesses and residents suffering as a result of lockdown measures to slow the spread of COVID-19.

In April councillors approved the proposal to issue up to $10,000 in local scrip.

So far, 13 residents have successfully applied for the funds and some $2,500 worth of wooden bills have been issued, Fournier said, with donations upping the total funds available to $16,000.

A Gamble for All Time

In 2008, the central bankers of the world revealed the true danger of Keynesian economic theory by staging the biggest bailout to date. There was a short flurry of complaints about the banking system being able to leverage the economy instead of just themselves and their filth-ridden balance sheets.

Fast forward 12 years. You guessed it – another massive bailout. The warnings issued after the crisis of 2008 went unheeded, banks leveraged to even greater levels than 2008 and brought the rest of the world with them. Now, not only has runaway Keynesianism enabled the banks to leverage themselves and the financial economy, now they’ve been permitted to leverage the entire world’s economy as well.

Central banks are gambling the next hundred years of economic history that they can print their way out of this mess. Instead of unwinding their malfeasance, they’re doubling down.

Many of you read our piece on ‘modern monetary theory’ last summer. That is now in play as well. This summer we’ll analyze the next move in an epic economic game of chicken. And there isn’t a person on Earth who will be left unaffected. Coming Soon…

Sutton/Mehl

Where Do We Go from Here? Economic Analysis for Remainder of FY2020

The world started 2020 on the most shaky of terms, economically speaking. The world was already in the early stages of a contraction in aggregate demand. The covers of magazines had articles of various corporate analysts and CEOs talking about a serious recession as early as late 2018. We stress this was a global contraction, not limited to one or even a few countries. As was the case in 2008 some would fare better than others for myriad reasons. The last few months of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 saw the resignation of CEOs from several prominent companies such as Disney.

Being perpetual cynics, we wondered if they knew something the rest didn’t. The prospect of a recession was largely downplayed in the US/UK/EU mainstream press, which was no surprise. They’ve been derelict in their duty for decades now. The average American/Brit/European had no idea what was coming. Even the central banking community was bathed in complacency. They’d achieved Ben Bernanke’s ‘Goldilocks Economy‘ even if only in their own minds.

We pointed to one event as a harbinger of an upcoming crisis as early as 2016 – the appointment of Neel Kashkari to the position of President of the Minneapolis ‘Fed’. Huh? Neel Kashkari was tapped by Henry ‘Hank’ Paulson back in 2008 to head up the TARP fund created by Congress in November of that year as part of the massive Wall Street bailout brought on by a spate of bankruptcies, insolvencies, and general financial mayhem.

Why Kashkari in 2016? The last we’d heard, he was living in the mountains of California planting potatoes or some such. The TARP mess stank on every level and it was apparent that once his work was done, Kashkari was off for a long, long early retirement. So his appointment to such a position registered an 8 out of 10 on the weird-stuff-o-meter.

Moving into 2020 the United States economy was balancing on the triple supports of consumerism, financial sector activity, and government excess. The FY 2019-20 Federal deficit was going to be one for the ages long before the term ‘Corona’ was known as anything other than part of the Sun.

Geopolitical tensions were high with the sanctioned assassination of a prominent Iranian general within the first few days of 2020 and the failed ongoing ouster of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro at the forefront. Add to that an ongoing trade war / war of words / saber-rattling between Washington and Beijing as well as a good deal of ill-rhetoric between Washington and Moscow. That’s just a small sampling.

With nearly all of the first world nations running persistent current account deficits and the rest of the economic superstructure living heavily on debt and financial speculation, it was only a matter of time. Would it be a pin that popped the ‘everything bubble’ or would it simply just slowly deflate (not to be confused with monetary deflation)?

So pervasive was and is the presence of debt in the circumstance of nations, states, trading blocs, provinces, municipalities, companies, and individuals that the trillions of dollars racked up by the US alone was not even viewed askance by economists OUTSIDE what would be considered the mainstream of the scientific economics community. Keynesianism was like a high-quality dime store pinata. Now matter how hard it was hit, it just kept spitting out candy.

We mentioned in My Two Cents on several occasions that this whole ‘system’, if you will, would go until it didn’t. It was a confidence game, just like the multitude of fiat currency regimes that backed it in the various corners of global commerce. As long as economic actors had ample supply of tokens (currencies), and another economic actor would accept those tokens in exchange for scarce land, labor, capital, and technology, the system worked.

Then the world got sick.

There has been much talk of ‘black swan’ events. The term was coined by a current events/geopolitics author Nassim Taleb. The black swan is something that nobody is looking or planning for. It is not on the radar. Period. There have been some who have been talking about pandemics in general for quite some time now in similar fashion to your authors considering the likelihood of economic fallout from the fact that the organized world has violated every law of economics imaginable. There’s always a reckoning day.

We are not going to discuss the SARS-nCOV-02 situation from a biologic/scientific standpoint as that is outside the scope of our expertise. We’re going to focus on nCV as a triggering event or black swan and the likely economic ramifications.

The amount of money that has already been borrowed/printed and spent is mind-blowing. It cannot be complicated by the human mind. The US National Debt blew right past $25 trillion. It is hard to fathom this but the growth of the national debt is a mathematical function based on the concept of fractional reserve banking. The debt was headed to where it is now anyway. That is going to be the biggest take-home. Would have it happened this fast without nCV? Probably not, but it was headed past $25T in the next 12 months regardless.

What nCV does is give governments the world over a free pass if you will on the print and spend / borrow and spend fiscal irresponsibility that has been going on for decades now. Europe reached its breaking point because of this foolishness in the past decade. The 2020s will be looked upon in history as the decade when the USDollar finally died.

That’s a bold pronouncement isn’t it? Not really. Who in their right mind is going to continue to lend to any entity that is so fiscally reckless? Ourselves along with many others have laid bare the runaway fiscal policy that has infected the US for so long. Now there is the element of public health involved and the general consensus is that we have to continue these spending policies, bailout entire industries, and even provide income to the populace. Anyone speaking out against any of this is labeled as being against helping people.

What needs to be understood is that this ‘help’ is only temporary. Think of the minimum wage. It is a very applicable analogy. Every increase of the minimum wage only lasts so long then another increase is required to produce the same result. Now, scale that up to the world’s economies and that’s what you’ve got. The ‘system’ needs ever-increasing amounts of stimulus to produce the same effect.

While grossly overused, the analogy of a drug addict is a very good one. Eventually the addict needs a fix just to feel normal. And so goes the global economy. If the stimulus is scaled back, the economy goes into withdrawal. The US economy is around 70% consumption and has been that way for nearly two decades now. This is not just a national or government problem. It transcends all layers of the economy. Even successful companies loaded up on cheap, low interest rate debt to conduct share buybacks, thus pushing stock prices higher.

Where do we go from here?

Even before the new year began, countries and companies outside the US were cutting deals outside the dollar. The dollar’s status as world’s reserve currency was being challenged. Expect that to continue – and accelerate. There won’t be a pronouncement that the dollar is no longer the world’s reserve currency. It likely will not be a headline. It’s been happening incrementally for years now. This latest fiscal quagmire will accelerate the matter. China is testing a digital currency. Russia has thousands of tons of gold. These countries don’t get along with America and Europe on a good day. The Russians already dumped nearly all of their US Government debt, but the Chinese still have a significant amount around $1 trillion.

Treasury Secy. Steve Mnuchin claims all that debt doesn’t give China any leverage on America. We’ll allow you to draw your own conclusions.

A global reshuffling of the economic order was already taking place before 2020 started. Europe endured a partial crisis over excess debt and the austerity that followed. And all of that was just a small piece of the problem. Economic history is replete with examples of complacent countries and empires who thought it could never happen to them. Complacency might just be the most dangerous state of mind that man can occupy. We are quite sure the Romans would agree.

Sutton/Mehl